Introduction to unix and linux pdf

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As of , the Unix version with the largest installed base is Apple 's macOS. Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the " Unix philosophy ". This concept entails that the operating system provides a set of simple tools that each performs a limited, well-defined function, [5] with a unified filesystem the Unix filesystem as the main means of communication, [3] and a shell scripting and command language the Unix shell to combine the tools to perform complex workflows. Unix distinguishes itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language , thus allowing Unix to reach numerous platforms. Unix was originally meant to be a convenient platform for programmers developing software to be run on it and on other systems, rather than for non-programmers. At first, Unix was not designed to be portable [6] or multi-tasking. Unix systems are characterized by various concepts: the use of plain text for storing data; a hierarchical file system ; treating devices and certain types of inter-process communication IPC as files; and the use of a large number of software tools , small programs that can be strung together through a command-line interpreter using pipes , as opposed to using a single monolithic program that includes all of the same functionality.