Reference electrodes theory and practice pdf

Electroanalytical Methods pp Cite as. In most electrochemical measurements it is necessary to keep one of the electrodes in an electrochemical cell at a constant potential. This so-called reference electrode allows control of the potential of a working electrode e. The standard hydrogen electrode plays the role of a basic reference element in electrochemical devices; however, in practice, it is difficult to handle. Therefore, secondary reference electrodes are preferred in most experiments. A secondary reference electrode must fulfill the following criteria: i it should be chemically and electrochemically reversible, i.

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