Hunefer and his book of the dead
Hunefer - Wikipedia
Surely one of the most evocative titles ascribed to an ancient text, the Egyptian Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text. Written by a succession of priests over a period of approximately 1, years the Book of the Dead was one of a series of sacred manuals serving the needs of the spirits of the elite dead to flourish in the afterlife. The text is not a book, as we understand it today. Rather, it is a collection of spells intended to assist a newly departed soul to navigate the perils the Egyptians associated with their Duat or afterlife. The Book of the Dead continued a long Egyptian tradition of funerary texts, which encompass the preceding Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts. These tracts were initially painted onto tomb walls and funerary objects rather than papyrus. Other spells were later compositions and date to the Egyptian Third Intermediate Period c.
Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters
ISBN 13: 9780714119946
From Thebes , Egypt 19th Dynasty, around BC The judgement of the dead in the presence of Osiris This is an excellent example of one of the many fine vignettes illustrations from the Book of the Dead of Hunefer. The scene reads from left to right. To the left, Anubis brings Hunefer into the judgement area. Anubis is also shown supervizing the judgement scales. Hunefer's heart, represented as a pot, is being weighed against a feather, the symbol of Maat , the established order of things, in this context meaning 'what is right'. The ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the seat of the emotions, the intellect and the character, and thus represented the good or bad aspects of a person's life. If the heart did not balance with the feather, then the dead person was condemned to non-existence, and consumption by the ferocious 'devourer', the strange beast shown here which is part-crocodile, part-lion, and part-hippopotamus.
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Complete Book of the Dead of Hunefer: A Papyrus Pullout
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Egyptian Museum, Turin.